1. OVERVIEW OF PANAX GINSENG
1.1. Introduction of ginseng
- Scientific name: Abelmochus Sagittifolius Merr
- Family: Malvaceae
- Panax ginseng is known as the "Dai Viet's first famous ginseng" medicinal herb, grown a lot in Bao mountain, Thanh Hoa.
1.2. Composition in Panax Ginseng
Panax ginseng root contains coumarin compounds, flavonoids, mucilage (26.7%), reducing sugars, amino acids, Ginsenosides, 17 kinds of amino acids (Arg, Glu, Thr, Asp, Lys, Phe, Leu, Ala, His) , Gly, Tyr, Leu, lle, Pro, Val, Met, Cys), vitamins B1, B2, B12, essential oils and minerals such as manganese, copper, vanadium, cobalt, phosphorus, aluminum, zinc.
Among them, Ginsenosides are the active ingredients with the highest concentration in panax ginseng. Up to now, 52 types of ginsenosides have been reported to be found in Vietnamese ginseng, of which there are some main types of Ginsenosides including: Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1.
2. Application
2.1 . Antioxidants in Animals
There are many causes for livestock to oxidize, coming from external factors such as antibiotics, rearing conditions, stocking density, weather, climate,... and endogenous factors including body, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome.
For pigs, oxidative stress can occur when piglets change the rearing environment such as weaning, mothering, dietary changes, vaccination, with older pigs may experience oxidative stress due to exposure to pathogens, infections, heat stress, etc.
For poultry, factors that lead to oxidative stress such as vaccination, parasitic infection, mycotoxins, heat stress, pecking, dense rearing density, heat stress, etc.
All of the above factors will unbalance the body's normal state leading to oxidative stress and the generation of free radicals.
When panax ginseng is added to the animal's diet, it will act as a free radical scavenger as an oxidizing agent.
Polyphenol compounds present in ginseng have the ability to donate electrons to neutralize free radicals, protecting billions of cells in the animal's body from the attack of free radicals. In particular, in hot weather conditions, it will minimize the oxidation of livestock and improve livestock productivity.
2.2. Anti-inflammatory activity of panax ginseng
According to Dong-Huyn Kim et al., R-Ge and G-Rp1 can block the NF-κB signaling pathway . In another study, Yu et al showed that ginsenoside Rc could inhibit the expression of macrophage-derived cytokines. Furthermore, it can block the activation of NF-kappa-B activating factor-associated tumor necrosis factor (TANK)-binding kinase-1/IκB kinase ε/interferon regulatory factor-3 and p38/ATF-2 signaling in macrophages.
2.3. Antibacterial activity
The ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rh1, Rg2(s), Rg2(r), Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, Rg3(s) and Rg3 stimulated the antiviral cytokines IFN-γ and IFN-α in the immune response. meet the challenge of the H5N1 influenza virus. In addition, Panax ginseng is also active against influenza viruses H1N1, H3N2, and H9N2. As an antibacterial agent, Panax ginseng increases resistance to E. coli-induced sepsis by downregulating TNF-α mediated by Toll-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 receptors. , IL-12, IL-18, phospho-JNK1/2, phospho-p38, and NF-κB expression.
In particular, the high mucus content in Panax ginseng (26.7%) will help regenerate the intestinal epithelial cells of livestock, protect and nourish the intestinal villi system, thereby contributing to improving the health of the intestinal tract. intestine, protecting from attack by harmful bacteria.
2.4. Improve sperm quality in boars
Many studies have been done, ginseng has the ability to promote spermatogenesis as well as improve testicular problems, sperm quality and sperm motility. Ginsenosides, the main compounds of Panax ginseng, may affect estrogen and and rogenic activity. Ginseng polysaccharides can modulate estrogen receptors and have beneficial effects on estrogen-induced physiological states. In addition, they also play a role in maintaining healthy levels of steroid hormone receptors, ensuring the normal functioning of androgen hormones.
Therefore, aPanax ginseng is a good natural source of medicinal herbs, promising to bring great benefits in the livestock industry.
